Medieval History

The Ottoman Empire was a major political and military power that controlled large parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa for centuries. Its development, expansion, and eventual decline shaped regional politics,…

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns between European powers and regions in the Near East. They occurred over several centuries and were motivated by political, religious, and economic…

Medieval towns formed centers of trade, craft, and governance. Towns developed around markets, castles, and rivers, supporting regional economies. Life in these towns differed from rural areas. People lived close…

The feudal system structured society during the Middle Ages in Europe. It organized land, labor, and loyalty through a hierarchy that linked kings, nobles, knights, and peasants. This system allowed…